Key Strategies for Valid International Trade Contracts

Key Strategies for Valid International Trade Contracts

This paper provides an in-depth analysis of the concept and essential elements of an offer in international trade. It emphasizes the importance of certainty in the offer's content, the specificity of the offeree, and the offeror's intention to be bound. The paper also details the validity period of an offer, the rules regarding withdrawal and revocation, and the conditions for valid acceptance. The aim is to help businesses mitigate trade risks and ensure the valid formation of contracts.

09/26/2025 Logistics Encyclopedia
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IATA Updates IOSA Manual for Riskbased Airline Audits

IATA Updates IOSA Manual for Riskbased Airline Audits

IATA has released the 'IOSA Audit Best Practices Manual' to provide airlines with key guidance and best practices for risk-oriented audits. This manual aims to enhance internal audit capabilities, effectively conduct external audits, and covers critical stages such as audit planning, preparation, implementation, and reporting. Ultimately, it helps airlines improve safety levels, reduce operational risks, and optimize operational efficiency, enabling them to embrace a new era of aviation auditing. The manual provides practical guidance for airlines seeking to improve their audit process and compliance.

12/30/2025 Airlines
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