International Trade Terms Explained: A Comprehensive Analysis of Transaction Methods and Pricing Terminology

International Trade Terms Explained: A Comprehensive Analysis of Transaction Methods and Pricing Terminology

This article provides a detailed analysis of the main transaction methods and pricing terms in international trade, including FOB, C&F, and CIF. It explains the meaning of each term and the regulations for filling out export customs declarations. Additionally, it discusses how to accurately fill in freight and insurance costs based on varying transaction prices, ensuring a smooth and compliant trade process.

07/18/2025 Logistics Encyclopedia
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Exploring the Nature of Contracts Between Freight Forwarders and Shippers in International Trade

Exploring the Nature of Contracts Between Freight Forwarders and Shippers in International Trade

This case study explores the complexities of the contractual nature between freight forwarders and shippers. With the development of international cargo transportation, maritime freight forwarders can act as either agents or carriers, leading to disputes regarding legal relationships. The crux lies in whether both parties negotiated freight for the entire transport; if the agent's role is not explicitly defined, they may be regarded as the carrier. The findings indicate that specific expressions of intent and the classification of cost types are crucial in determining the nature of the legal relationship.

07/28/2025 Logistics
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Common HS Declaration Errors and How to Avoid Them for Efficient Trade Compliance

Common HS Declaration Errors and How to Avoid Them for Efficient Trade Compliance

This article analyzes five common errors in the HS declaration process, including incomplete declaration elements, ambiguous descriptions of function and use, and non-standard language. These errors can lead to rejection of declarations and may affect the entire customs clearance process. Through clear example analysis, this article aims to help practitioners improve the accuracy and professionalism of their declarations.

07/28/2025 Customs Knowledge
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Exploring Yemens Gem The Maritime Story of Mukalla Port

Exploring Yemens Gem The Maritime Story of Mukalla Port

Mukalla Port, located in Hadramaut Governorate, Yemen, is a significant commercial port known for its deep-water berths and abundant fishing resources, making it an important hub for international shipping. The port exports products like fish, tobacco, and honey, showcasing its unique charm and commercial potential.

07/24/2025 Port Encyclopedia
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Shanghai Port Strives To Enhance Container Throughput And Seize Global Leadership Position

Shanghai Port Strives To Enhance Container Throughput And Seize Global Leadership Position

Shanghai Port aims to enhance container throughput and maintain its position as the world's leading port by improving its transportation system and establishing an international shipping center. The focus will be on regional collaboration and technological empowerment, promoting integrated transportation in the Yangtze River Delta to strengthen economic circulation. Additionally, efforts will be accelerated on railway and highway construction to ensure efficient connections between major cities and support regional development.

07/22/2025 Logistics Industry Insights
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Ethiopian Birr Exchange Rates Face Volatility Amid Economic Shifts

Ethiopian Birr Exchange Rates Face Volatility Amid Economic Shifts

This article introduces the Ethiopian Birr (ETB), the official currency of Ethiopia, covering its currency code, symbol, exchange rate relationship with the US dollar, and circulation status. It aims to provide readers with a comprehensive understanding of the Ethiopian Birr, serving as a reference for those traveling to or investing in Ethiopia. The information provided includes a brief overview of the foreign exchange controls that may impact currency conversion.

09/01/2025 Exchange Rate Query
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Western Land-sea New Corridor's Sea-rail Combined Transport Trains Reach New Heights Over 2000 Trains Operated

Western Land-sea New Corridor's Sea-rail Combined Transport Trains Reach New Heights Over 2000 Trains Operated

In 2024, the number of maritime and railway intermodal trains operating on the New Western Land-Sea Corridor exceeded 2,000, a year-on-year increase of 16.8%, supporting regional economic development. Guangxi Beibu Gulf International Port Group actively promotes the marine economy, leading to a significant increase in train transport demand. The goal is to operate 10,000 trains throughout the year, laying the foundation for facilitating a dual circulation market.

03/18/2024 Logistics
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Guide to Costeffective Crossborder Air Freight Shipping

Guide to Costeffective Crossborder Air Freight Shipping

This paper provides an in-depth analysis of various cross-border air freight methods, including commercial airlines, all-cargo aircraft (block space/charter), international express, air freight line, and third-country transshipment. It compares their timeliness, cost, cargo volume requirements, customs clearance capabilities, and flexibility, offering practical advice on choosing the appropriate air freight method. Furthermore, it explores the future trends of cross-border air freight, helping businesses select the optimal logistics solution in international trade to reduce costs and improve efficiency. The analysis aims to empower businesses to make informed decisions regarding their air freight strategies.

01/07/2026 Logistics Encyclopedia
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Study Examines Air Travel Safety and Cabin Disease Risks

Study Examines Air Travel Safety and Cabin Disease Risks

Aircraft cabin air quality is a key concern for passengers. Modern airplanes are equipped with HEPA filters, which effectively filter bacteria and viruses from the air, reducing the risk of disease transmission. The cabin air circulation system continuously purifies the air, providing a comfortable flight environment. Understanding this information and choosing airlines with advanced filtration systems can contribute to a worry-free flying experience. This ensures a healthier and more pleasant journey for all travelers.

01/20/2026 Logistics Encyclopedia
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