Imagine your goods traveling across oceans from factory to customer—what processes are involved? International FCL shipping appears straightforward but actually consists of a series of meticulously interconnected procedures. This article provides a detailed breakdown of each critical step from booking to cargo pickup, helping you master the core aspects of ocean freight logistics.
Booking Request: The Starting Point
Similar to booking a flight, shipping begins with reserving container space. Shippers or freight forwarders must submit a Booking Note to the carrier, containing essential information:
- Port of Loading & Discharge: Origin and final destination
- Container Type: Selection based on cargo dimensions (common options: 20GP, 40GP, 40HQ)
- Cargo Description: Accurate product names for customs classification
- Gross Weight & Volume: Determines freight costs and loading plans
- Cut-off Time: Deadline for customs clearance and yard delivery
Upon approval, carriers issue a Shipping Order (SO)—the primary document for subsequent container pickup and customs procedures.
Container Pickup: Obtaining the "Passport"
With the SO secured, arrangements are made to collect containers from designated Container Yards (CY) or trucking companies. The CY verifies SO details before releasing an Equipment Interchange Receipt (EIR).
Drivers must thoroughly inspect containers for structural integrity, locking mechanisms, and seals upon pickup to prevent future cargo damage disputes.
Cargo Loading: Safety and Efficiency Priorities
Two primary loading methods exist:
- Door-to-Door: Empty containers are delivered to shipper's warehouse for loading. After sealing, a Packing List (PL) detailing contents must be completed.
- Warehouse Loading: Goods are delivered to forwarder-specified facilities for professional loading. Proper stowage plans must be followed to prevent transit damage.
Returning Loaded Containers: The Waiting Phase
Sealed containers must be returned to designated CYs before the cut-off time. After acceptance, shipping agents prepare customs documentation while containers await vessel loading.
Customs Clearance: Legal Export Compliance
This critical process requires submission of:
- Customs declaration forms (product details, values)
- Commercial Invoice (transaction terms)
- Packing List
- Sales contract
- Customs power of attorney
Regulated goods require additional inspection certificates. Customs may conduct physical examinations to verify declaration accuracy before releasing shipments.
Vessel Loading: Setting Sail
Upon clearance, carriers arrange container loading. The Bill of Lading (BL) is then issued—serving as both cargo ownership proof and destination port pickup authorization. Shippers may choose between original BLs or electronic releases.
This concludes the FCL shipping process. Each phase requires precise coordination between shippers, forwarders, and carriers to ensure secure, timely deliveries.